10 results
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency ... Syphilis, Lyme disease ... , Leprosy • Inflammatory ... , Sarcoidosis, Amyloidosis ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Korsakoff Syndrome
Clinical Findings:
 • Confabulation: Usually initial phase of the disease
 • Anterograde amnesia: Memory impairment
initial phase of the disease ... Chronic presentation ... of Thiamine deficiency ... Encephalopathy Treatment ... Korsakoff #Syndrome #neurology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
trauma - Ischemic colonic ... paralysis - Insulin deficiency ... • Addison’s disease ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... potassium #high #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
failure (acute and chronic ... Chronic progressive ... kidney disease ... Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
trauma - Ischemic colonic ... paralysis - Insulin deficiency ... • Addison’s disease ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... potassium #high #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory ... Chronic kidney disease ... : SLE, amyloidosis ... Chronic kidney disease ... aldosterone synthase deficiency
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
kidney disease, ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... liver cirrhosis, chronic ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
Overview Focal inflammatory ... Post Vaccine • Inflammatory ... • Nutritional Deficiency ... Transverse Myelitis Treatment ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Hypermagnesemia - Diagnosis and Management

Hypermagnesemia is a serum magnesium concentration > 2.6 mg/dL.
Symptoms include hyporeflexia, hypotension,
hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... insufficiency (Addison's disease ... ) Treatment includes ... Management #magnesium #nephrology
Management of Pruritus in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Pruritus with no primary lesions - differential diagnosis:
Patients with Chronic ... Kidney Disease ... pruritus (Iron deficiency ... #Pruritus #Treatment ... Uremia #Management #Nephrology