11 results
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
gene mutated in all ... cells -> Mutagenic ... detachment • Red Eye ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #symptoms
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
cases Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... pulmonary TB PE ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... should be done in ALL
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
some red blood cells ... • Signs/Symptoms ... • Signs/Symptoms ... - The classic signs ... - PE also reduces
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome - Overview of IRIS

What Is IRIS?
	• A state of hyperinflammatory response that
increase in CD4+ cells ... such as double ... with severe symptoms ... weeks for most OI ... Differential #Diagnosis #Management
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... Lysis of tumor cells ... #diagnosis #management
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... of UMN and LMN signs ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... EMG: LMN Signs in ... neurology #diagnosis #management
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Diagnosis and Management ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... mediators such as ... Pulmonary: dyspnea ... #Signs #Symptoms
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... Release from blast cells ... Imaging: CXR- pulmonary ... Diagnosis: >3 symptoms ... APML #diagnosis #management
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Presentation: Systemic Symptoms ... Arthralgias • Eye ... purpura: Strong sign ... • Progressive symptoms ... aneurysms can also
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia - Illness Script

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Unknown trigger, reversible inflammatory/fibroproliferative process. Polypoid fibroblastic aggregates that plug
Illness Script PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ... Males=Females SIGNS ... usually misdiagnosed as ... Pneumonia #diagnosis #management ... #pulmonary