66 results
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
impairment • Oculomotor ... Anorexia nervosa Treatment ... Encephalopathy • A prompt treatment ... can improve symptoms ... #Management #neurology
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute Thiamine (B1) Deficiency 
Clinical Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 out of 4):
Encephalopathy - Acute Thiamine ... impairment - Oculomotor ... encephalopathy, oculomotor ... Encephalopathy #Thiamine ... diagnosis #criteria #neurology
Wernicke's Encephalopathy vs Korsakoff Syndrome - Thiamine Deficiency

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological condition due to longstanding
Korsakoff Syndrome - Thiamine ... Deficiency Wernicke's ... to longstanding thiamine ... broad-based gait), and oculomotor ... diagnosis #comparison #neurology
Korsakoff Syndrome
Clinical Findings:
 • Confabulation: Usually initial phase of the disease
 • Anterograde amnesia: Memory impairment
presentation of Thiamine ... deficiency, consequent ... Encephalopathy Treatment ... Korsakoff #Syndrome #neurology
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... Vitamins: • Thiamine ... #Vitamins #Deficiency ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
(thiamine) Late ... overload) Other Symptoms ... • Vitamin D deficiency ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... arrhythmias • Thiamine
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure - Diagnosis and Treatment Algorithm
Diagnosis: Ferritin <100 ng/mL (absolute ID) OR
Iron Deficiency ... Diagnosis and Treatment ... Ill HF with iron deficiency ... order to alleviate symptoms ... algorithm #cardiology #treatment
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
major sweating • Thiazide ... -ß hydroxylase deficiency ... -a hydroxylase deficiency ... Severe potassium deficiency ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
11beta-hydroxylase deficiency ... 17alpha-hydroxylase deficiency ... Loop diuretics, Thiazide ... diuretics, Mg2+ deficiency ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... functional ID) Treatment ... improvement in symptoms ... alissa_shega #iron #deficiency