223 results
diagnosis differential algorithm causes management kidney pathophysiology pharmacology hyponatremia treatment low syndrome acidosis aki hypokalemia medications workup classification potassium acute
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
perspiration Renal ... Diuretics • Osmotic ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
Overfill (Increased renal ... Increased Interstitial Oncotic ... Decreased Capillary Oncotic
Intra-renal urea recycling to maintain the medullary osmotic gradient Dr. Muner Mohamed @MunerMohamed1 #urea #recycling #osmotic #gradient #pathophysiology
Intra-renal urea ... the medullary osmotic ... urea #recycling #osmotic ... pathophysiology #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
UNa > 20: • Renal ... Bicarbonaturia with renal ... alkalosis, Ketonuria, Osmotic ... Acute or chronic renal ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action Diuretics 1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin 2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics) 3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide) 4)
canagliflozin 2) Osmotic ... Sites #Action #nephrology
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action 1) Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic
Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Drug Induced Kidney Injury • Pre-Renal: NSAIDS, CNI, ACEI/ARB, IL-2 therapy, Diuretics CAR-T therapy • Osmotic
Injury • Pre-Renal ... CAR-T therapy • Osmotic ... diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron 1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) 2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol) 3) Loop
inhibitor) 2) Osmotic ... #pharmacology #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low intake • poor oral intake Renal loss • Medication • Hypomagnesemia •
oral intake Renal ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic ... Nonreabsorbable anions • Renal
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... , Ingestion Renal ... Hypovolemic: Diuretics, osmotic ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
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