304 results
diagnosis neurology differential algorithm causes clinical video physicalexam management pathophysiology ophthalmology treatment hyponatremia syndromes table hypokalemia pharmacology workup classification comparison
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
• Nephrotic Syndrome ... Increased Interstitial Oncotic ... Decreased Capillary Oncotic ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Treatment Algorithm IBS-Constipation: • Constipation: Osmotic laxatives • Abdominal pain: Antispasmodics IBS-Diarrhea: • Diarrhea:
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ... Constipation: Osmotic ... Irritable #Bowel #Syndrome
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action Diuretics 1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin 2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics) 3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide) 4)
canagliflozin 2) Osmotic ... Sites #Action #nephrology
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action 1) Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic
Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
alkalosis, Ketonuria, Osmotic ... Cerebral salt wasting syndrome ... Stress, Drugs, Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron 1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) 2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol) 3) Loop
inhibitor) 2) Osmotic ... #pharmacology #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Diuretics • Osmotic ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia Correction 1. Indications for Hypertonic Saline: seizure, coma, focal findings - typically occurs with
Hyponatremia → Osmotic ... Demyelination Syndrome ... rate #management #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
alkalosis, Hungry bone syndrome ... Tumor genesis syndrome ... FGF-23: Fanconi syndrome ... , CA Inh., Osmotic ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypovolemic: Diuretics, osmotic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
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