41 results
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
Nephron Pathophysiology ... - Diuretic Sites ... canagliflozin 2) Osmotic ... Adenosine #Nephron #Pathophysiology ... #Action #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... , osmotic (solute ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
the Nephron - Diuretics ... Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic ... Diuretics (e.g. ... spironolactone) #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Nephron
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome ... hypernatremia - Osmotic ... diuretic, Loop ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Hypokalemia - Osmotic ... diuresis - ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Classification #Causes #Workup
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
- Differential Diagnosis ... concentrating defect: • Diuretics ... • Osmotic diuresis ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... , Osmotic diuresis ... , Bartter's syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... alkalosis, Ketonuria, Osmotic ... diuresis, Cerebral ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... , CA Inh., Osmotic ... diuresis Dr. ... #phosphate #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Refeeding Syndrome ... Osteomalacia • Fanconi Syndrome ... • Osmotic Diuresis ... #Differential #Diagnosis