22 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... , osmotic (solute ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome ... hypernatremia - Osmotic ... diuretic, Loop ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Hypokalemia - Osmotic ... diuresis - ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Classification #Causes #Workup
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Hypovolemia ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... alkalosis, Ketonuria, Osmotic ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... , Osmotic diuresis ... , Bartter's syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Transcellular ... • Refeeding Syndrome ... • Osmotic Diuresis ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... , CA Inh., Osmotic ... diuresis Dr. ... #phosphate #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Low ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic ... diuresis • Mineralocorticoids ... • Bartter's syndrome
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
periodic paralysis Osmotic ... disequilibrium syndrome ... • Diagnosis of ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Drug Induced Kidney Injury
 • Pre-Renal: NSAIDS, CNI, ACEI/ARB, IL-2 therapy, Diuretics CAR-T therapy
 • Osmotic
IL-2 therapy, Diuretics ... CAR-T therapy • Osmotic ... #differential #diagnosis ... #algorithm #nephrology