43 results
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron
1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol)
3) Loop
Diuretics sites ... inhibitor) 2) Osmotic ... diuretics (e.g. ... #pharmacology #nephrology ... #medications #sites
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Summary of Diuretic ... • Triamterene OSMOTIC ... DIURETICS • Mannitol ... #Medications #Pharmacology ... summary #table #nephrology
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
Pathophysiology - Diuretic ... Sites of Action Diuretics ... canagliflozin 2) Osmotic ... Pathophysiology #Diuretics ... Sites #Action #nephrology
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
the Nephron - Diuretics ... Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic ... Diuretics (e.g. ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology ... #Nephron #Diuretics
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
concentrating defect: • Diuretics ... • Osmotic diuresis ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
hypernatremia - Osmotic ... diuretic, Loop ... diuretics, Postobstructive ... diuresis - Extrarenal ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Renal Loses - Medications ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Hypokalemia - Osmotic ... diuresis - ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... , osmotic (solute ... ) diuresis • Euvolemic ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Diagnosis Algorithm Low ... Renal loss • Medication ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic ... diuresis • Mineralocorticoids
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... thiazide-like diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... , Osmotic diuresis ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology