239 results
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Treatment Algorithm

IBS-Constipation:
 • Constipation: Osmotic laxatives
 • Abdominal pain: Antispasmodics

IBS-Diarrhea:
 • Diarrhea:
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ... (IBS) Treatment ... Constipation: Osmotic ... #IBS #Treatment ... #Management #Algorithm
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
• Nephrotic Syndrome ... Increased Interstitial Oncotic ... Decreased Capillary Oncotic ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
canagliflozin 2) Osmotic ... Sites #Action #nephrology
Hyponatremia Correction
1. Indications for Hypertonic Saline: seizure, coma, focal findings
   - typically occurs with
Hyponatremia → Osmotic ... Demyelination Syndrome ... Correction #goal #rate #management ... #nephrology
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
alkalosis, Ketonuria, Osmotic ... Cerebral salt wasting syndrome ... Stress, Drugs, Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron
1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol)
3) Loop
inhibitor) 2) Osmotic ... #pharmacology #nephrology
Goals and limits for treatment of Hyponatremia Stratified by duration and risk of Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome
and limits for treatment ... duration and risk of Osmotic ... Demyelination Syndrome ... Normalization #Osmotic ... goals #limits #management
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Diuretics • Osmotic ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
alkalosis, Hungry bone syndrome ... Tumor genesis syndrome ... FGF-23: Fanconi syndrome ... , CA Inh., Osmotic ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology