27 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
- Nephrotic syndrome ... - Acute and chronic ... Vomiting - Diarrhea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... : • Acute or chronic ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
GI losses - Chronic ... diarrhea / IBD ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... , Chronic Renal ... Algorithm #diagnosis #causes ... nephrology #sodium #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Congenital chloride diarrhea ... - Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... diarrhea, Kidney ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Primary polydipsia), Low ... differential #diagnosis #table
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Manifestations Causes ... processed grains - Chronic ... Increased loss: - Diarrhea ... - Chronic neurological ... : - Impaired short-term
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... • Hyponatremia ... Kidney stones caused ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Medications #Table
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused ... changes and may cause ... Malnutrition due to chronic ... Palpitations • Diarrhea ... , K, Mg2+) • Slow
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... metabolic acidosis • Chronic ... the indicated causes