17 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
- Nephrotic syndrome ... - Acute and chronic ... Vomiting - Diarrhea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
GI losses - Chronic ... diarrhea / IBD ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... : • Acute or chronic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Chronic Diarrhea - Differential Diagnosis
Osmotic
 • Food/Drink: Lactose intolerance, Artificial sweeteners (e.g. sorbitol, high
Causes of Chronic ... Diarrhea - Differential ... insufficiency: Chronic ... #Diarrhea #Causes ... #inflammatory #classification
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome ... hypernatremia - Vomiting, Diarrhea ... Diagnosis #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology
TABLE 2. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) sub-classifications
lBS-diarrhoea (IBS-D)
 - >25% loose or watery stools; <25% hard
TABLE 2. ... Irritable bowel syndrome ... (IBS) sub-classifications ... lBS-diarrhoea ... Subclassifications #Classes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... metabolic acidosis • Chronic ... D-lactic acidosis • Chronic ... the indicated causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Chloride-rich diarrhea ... acute reversal of chronic ... dehydrogenase activity: Chronic ... #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... D D-lactate (short ... bowel syndrome, ... acidosis: - Diarrhea ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Manifestations Causes ... processed grains - Chronic ... Increased loss: - Diarrhea ... - Chronic neurological ... : - Impaired short-term