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diagnosis management nephrology differential treatment neurology signs symptoms causes hyponatremia psychiatry acute aki algorithm alzheimersdisease anticonvulsants barre cerebritis cns dementia
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
Hyponatremia (<135 ... asymptomatic to seizures ... urea causes the hyponatremia ... True hyponatremia ... #hyponatremia #ADH
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
majority of cases, ADH ... 2) Is ADH elevated ... Measure urine osmolality ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ... -> Withdrawal seizure ... vomiting, diarrhea, hyponatremia ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological ... • Headache • Seizures ... brain PRES Clinical ... PRES-Associated Clinical ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
urea, uric acid, osmolarity ... investigations depending on clinical ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... fragmentocytes, LDH ... • Cardio-renal syndrome
Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) Pathophysiology Culprits: ALL, Burkitt, SCLC Cells all die at once = ↑Phos, ↓Ca, ↑K,
Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... (TLS) Pathophysiology ... Phos, ↓Ca, ↑K, ↑LDH ... = Arrhythmia, seizure ... #TLS #Pathophysiology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... exertion/training - Seizures ... Dermatomyositis Clinical ... Aldolase ↑ • LDH ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases): - Increasing
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... mutations - Down syndrome ... dysfunction: myoclonic seizure ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview What Is It? • Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Refeeding Syndrome ... may cause severe clinical ... Rhabdomyolysis • Seizures ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Guillain-Barre Syndrome ... Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... meningococcal, H1N1) Clinical ... Guillain-Barre Clinical ... /constipation, hyponatremia
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