58 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Diagnosis and Workup ... Check plasma osmolality ... NORMAL PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... DECREASED PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... Hypernatremia #Diagnosis #Workup
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Lactated Ringers ... mEq/L • Sodium lactate ... 28 mEq/L • Osmolarity ... 154 mEq/L • Osmolarity ... mEq • Sodium Lactate
Crystalloid Composition - Normal Saline, Ringer's Lactate, Hartmann's Solution, PlasmaLyte

Ca2+ Mg2+ Cl- 
Acetate 
Lactate 
Gluconate 
Bicarbonate
Saline, Ringer's Lactate ... Cl- Acetate Lactate ... Bicarbonate Osmolarity ... #LR #Ringers #Lactated
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... 1) Check Urine Osmolality ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... Calcium Chelators, Lactate ... #Hypocalcemia #Workup
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
electrolytes, osmolality ... management #algorithm #workup
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... urea, uric acid, osmolarity ... #Injury #AKI #Workup
Intraoperative Sepsis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Severe sepsis (hypotension persisting after initial fluid challenge of
30ml.kg-1 or blood lactate ... including blood gas, lactate ... Check serial lactates ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Causes of Lactate ... categories Lactate ... The use of lactate ... With ↑ Lactate ... / hypoxemia -> focus
Candidemia Workup and Management - IDSA Guidelines
1) Antibiotics
 • Empiric: Echinocandins (e.g. micafungin) for most patients
Candidemia Workup ... Additional metastatic workup ... dictated by symptoms