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Algorithm for the diagnosis of hyponatremia.

If you start with the osmolalities, urinary sodium etc first and
Differential #Algorithm #Osmolality ... #management
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Calculate serum osmolality ... Measure urine osmolality ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
electrolytes, osmolality ... Chronic #Diarrhea #management
Fluids, Electrolytes, Acid-Base
)
General Concepts
>
< Osmolality vs osmolarity
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Osmolality
[H 20)
Milliosmoles per kg of water. The osmolality is the
Concepts > < Osmolality ... vs osmolarity ... ★ Osmolality [ ... The osmolality is ... Osmolarity (mOsm
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
Management of SIADH ... Saline: • If Urine osmolality ... SatyaPatelMD #SIADH #Management
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
increase in BG & osmolality ... differential #diagnosis #management
Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) and Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology
ICH Management:
1. Manage Blood Pressure
  •
Pathophysiology ICH Management ... agents = increase osmolarity ... #neurosurgery #management
SIADH Treatment Options
1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
NS • If Urine osmolality ... SatyaPatelMD #SIADH #Management
Contrast dyes are divided into three groups based on their osmolarity.  High-osmolar contrast medium (HOCM),
based on their osmolarity ... LowOsmolarity #Osmolality
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Check plasma osmolality ... NORMAL PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... DECREASED PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... INCREASED PLASMA OSMOLALITY