834 results
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
body water in comparison ... the total body sodium ... , urine sodium concentration ... there is reduced sodium ... Measured urine sodium
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Saline (NS) - Comparison ... 109 mEq/L • Sodium ... lactate 28 mEq/L • Osmolarity ... 154 mEq/L • Osmolarity ... Normal #Saline #NS #comparison
Fluids, Electrolytes, Acid-Base
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General Concepts
>
< Osmolality vs osmolarity
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Osmolality
[H 20)
Milliosmoles per kg of water. The osmolality is the
Concepts > < Osmolality ... vs osmolarity ... ★ Osmolality [ ... The osmolality is ... Osmolarity (mOsm
Contrast dyes are divided into three groups based on their osmolarity.  High-osmolar contrast medium (HOCM),
based on their osmolarity ... High-osmolar contrast medium ... low-osmolar contrast medium ... iso-osmolar contrast medium ... LowOsmolarity #Osmolality
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
retention 1) Serum Osmolarity ... 2) Urine Osmolarity ... 3) Urine Sodium ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... Check plasma osmolality ... NORMAL PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... DECREASED PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... INCREASED PLASMA OSMOLALITY
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
water loss, Serum Sodium ... /L High Urine Osmolality ... glucosuria Low Urine Osmolality
Algorithm for the diagnosis of hyponatremia.

If you start with the osmolalities, urinary sodium etc first and
osmolalities, urinary sodium ... Differential #Algorithm #Osmolality
Comparison Table of Induction Agents in Anesthesiology
 - Sodium thiopental 
 - Propofol 
 - Etomidate
Comparison Table ... Anesthesiology - Sodium ... Pharmacology #Anesthesia #Comparison
A lazy man's classification of hyponatremia
There are two possible approaches to the diagnosis of hyponatremia: .
same tests (serum osmolality ... , urine osmolality ... and urinary sodium