51 results
Osteoarthritis (OA): X-ray features 
 - Joint space narrowing (least specific)
 - Subchondral Cysts (pockets of
Osteoarthritis (OA ... cartilage) - Osteophytes ... Osteoarthritis #OA
Osteoarthritis (OA): Clinical findings
 • Stimulation of joint nociceptors in subchondral bone -> Pain with loading
Osteoarthritis (OA ... • Impaction of osteophyte ... Osteoarthritis #OA
Monoarthritis - Differential Diagnosis
Infection (Acute):
 - S. aureus (most common)
 - S. pneumonia
 - Salmonella (in
birefringent - CPPD ... Sarcoid - Erosive OA ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
CPPD vs Gout

== CPPD == 

Think About CPPD When:
 • Self-limited synovitis after surgery/trauma (> 65
CPPD vs Gout ... == CPPD == Think ... About CPPD When ... Asymptomatic CPPD ... : OA in atypical
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
vast majority of cases ... pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD ... and/or x-ray - CPPD ... narrowing, and osteophytes ... Chondrocalcinosis #Pseudogout #CPPD
Arthritis of the Hand - Arthritis Patterns

Osteoarthritis:
• Osteoarthritis of the hand usually involves the DIP and
sclerosis, and osteophytes ... DIP + 1st CMC = OA ... MCP + hook like osteophytes
Pathogens in Pneumonia

Here is a quick review of the pathogens causing pneumonia (useful for enumerating differentials
your grand rounds/cases ... H. influenzae (COPD ... Pseudomonas — COPD ... Legionella spp (COPD ... #Microbiology #Causes
Approach to Joint Pain - Diagnostic Framework

1) Chronicity
2) Inflammatory vs Non-Inflammatory
3) Number of Joints Involved

1) Chronicity:
spondyloarthropathies, lupus, OA ... or pseudogout, OA ... • Non-bloody: OA ... gonorrhea, Lyme, OA ... Like in this case
Tachypnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Definitions
 • Tachypnea: Respiratory rate > 20/min, shallow breathing in adults
 •
breathing Pulmonary Causes ... • Asthma • COPD ... PVFM) Cardiac Causes ... Hematologic Causes ... acidosis of any cause
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
Cardiovascular Causes ... Tamponade Pulmonary Causes ... - Asthma - COPD ... syndrome Other Causes ... differential #diagnosis #causes