399 results
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
excess, Liddle syndrome ... • Proximal RTA ... • Distal RTA ... , Gitelman syndrome ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
Decreased Serum K, Urine ... 5.5 - Proximal RTA ... Decreased Serum K, Urine ... obstruction • Urine ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)  Type 1 

Totally scuppers the kidney's acidification mechanism. Will be
Tubular Acidosis (RTA ... diagnosis with direct urine ... Failure to acidify urine ... ThePeanutKidney #RTA ... Diagnosis #Management #Nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Tubular Acidosis (RTA ... Type 1: Distal RTA ... Type 2: Proximal RTA ... : Hyperkalemic RTA ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome
 • Urine Chloride
 • Urine Ca/Cr ratio

Dr. Krithika
from Bartter syndrome ... • Urine Chloride ... • Urine Ca/Cr ... #Gitelman #syndrome ... Bartter #Algorithm #nephrology
Urine Osmolar Gap Calculation

Urine Osmolar Gap represents ammonium salts = Measured Urine Osmolality - (2 x
Urine Osmolar Gap ... Calculation Urine ... Gap / 2 < 150 -> RTA ... 1 and 4 Urine ... OsmolarGap #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... acidosis: Proximal RTA ... , Distal RTA, DKA ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Proteinuria (Negative urine ... reabsorption • RTA ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... Proteinuria (Positive urine ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Hyperkalemic Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Type 4 - 

Failure to acidify urine in collecting duct
Tubular Acidosis (RTA ... Failure to acidify urine ... ThePeanutKidney #RTA ... Diagnosis #Management #Nephrology