12 results
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
(treatment of diabetic ... Renal tubular acidosis ... (mimics loop diuretic ... mimics thiazide diuretic ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Altitude sickness • Diuretic ... irrigation • Management ... pulmonary edema ... Kidney stones caused ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... with renal tubal acidosis ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... UNa > 20: • Acute
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Correction of diabetic ... starvation - Acute ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes ... medications #drugs #pharmacology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Ketoacidosis (starvation, diabetic ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... Classically” noted with pulmonary
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... after renal tubule diuretic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Manifestations Causes ... gravidarum - Diuretic ... HF • Moderate pulmonary ... seen • Lactic acidosis ... Findings: • Acute
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• K sparing diuretics ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... Food - Avoid in
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
cardiac output - Acute ... pulmonary edema ... - Compartment syndrome ... peritonitis - Acute ... • Type B1: - Diabetes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• K sparing diuretics ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... Food - Avoid in