12 results
Algorithm for evaluating multiple ring-enhancing lesions in immunocompetent (HIV negative)

#ringenhancing #lesions #cns #brain #diagnosis #differential #algorithm
Algorithm for evaluating ... immunocompetent (HIV ... #cns #brain #diagnosis ... #differential # ... #radiology #neurology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
, LAD, and hepatomegaly ... splenomegaly Other infections ... #Brain #differential ... diagnosis #causes #radiology ... #neurology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
Diagnosis Algorithm ... history of cancer, HIV ... Space-occupying brain lesion ... • CNS infection ... #neurology #PHANTOMS
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
integrity of the blood-brain ... and infects the CNS ... early stages of infection ... cells in the CNS ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
Weakness - Differential ... Lack of UMN/LMN signs ... parainfluenza, Coxsackie, HIV ... #Weakness #Differential ... #Diagnosis #neurology
Causes of Petechial Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Pinpoint areas (less than 2 mm) of hemorrhage, which
Petechial Rash - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... reddish-purple lesions ... ITP - APLS - HIT ... test • Serology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
• Symptoms and signs ... HIV, CMV, HTLV ... Blockage of the Blood ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology ... #algorithm
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
nervous system (CNS ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... LHON) plus MRI lesions ... BEE #Syndromes #neurology ... noninflammatory #differential
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Vasculitis - Differential ... purpura: Strong sign ... pulses, bruits, or blood ... affects the skin, neurologic ... chorioretinitis, CNS
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
in HIV - Differential ... • CT: Halo sign ... Chest pain, cough, bloody ... Lymphadenopathy, CNS ... #differential #