8 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Al, Low R - Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism ... Normotensive: • UCl ... Post-hypercapnia • UCl ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... • High Urine Cl ... #Nephrology #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Cl- responsive ... Kidney loss of Cl ... alkalosis • Loss of Cl ... Cystic fibrosis Cl ... alkalosis • Normal/low
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Intake: • Low ... may cause metabolic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... • High Urine Cl ... #Nephrology #Causes
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
> 1.6, low urine ... Cl; • Laxative ... : urine Na/Cl < ... correcting serum potassium ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Antibiotics (Bactrim, PCN ... only if no clear cause ... acidosis) • Low ... #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
ADLs - Highest metabolic ... algorithm to determine ... Intraabdominal - Orthopedic ... • Low risk (< ... medical and surgical management