15 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... • High Urine Cl ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... • High Urine Cl ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... #Nephrology #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... Urinary Chloride • Cl ... Kidney loss of Cl ... - Normal/low blood ... #causes #urinary
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Cl- responsive ... Kidney loss of Cl ... of Cl- outside ... Cystic fibrosis Cl ... /low blood pressure
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... • High Urine Cl ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Normotensive: • UCl ... Post-hypercapnia • UCl ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #nephrology #causes
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
Gas) (-) Likely Metabolic ... Alkalosis Urine ... Contraction Urine Cl ... Barter, or Gitelman ... #alkalosis #algorithm
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... Hypomagnesemia • Barrter's/Gitelman's ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
intake • Metabolic ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Alkalosis: Emesis ... , Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low