91 results
Pulmonary Infections in HIV-AIDS
Bacterial: 
 • No organism identified, Strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S.aureus, Streptococcus Grp
) Fungal: • CD4 ... < 200: PCP, Aspergillus ... Fungal, AFB), TB PCR ... sputum, PCP DFA ... HIVAIDS #workup #diagnosis
Autoimmune Gastritis - Pathophysiology

Anti-ParietaI Cell, CD4+ T Cells, Autoantibodies -> x Parietal Cells, x HCL, x
Autoimmune Gastritis - Pathophysiology ... Anti-ParietaI Cell, CD4 ... Parietal Cells, x HCL ... Autoimmune #Gastritis #Pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Exogenous (KCL ... #differential #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... pathogens, including PML ... cells per μL • Diagnosis ... • JC-virus PCR ... #differential #diagnosis
Immune Reactions and Immunosuppressant Drugs

Glucocorticoids - Inhibition of cytokine synthesis, e.g., IL-1, IL-2
Muromonab-CD3 - Monoclonal antibody
Calcineurin
IL-2 Muromonab-CD3 ... Immunosuppressant #Drugs #Pharmacology ... #Pathophysiology
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
convoluted tubule (PCT ... filtered Na+/K+/Cl ... filtered Na+ and Cl ... Segments #Function #Pathophysiology ... Tubules #Table #Pharmacology
C.diff - Clostridioides Difficile Infection (CDI) - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

Clinical Presentation + Progression:
) - Diagnosis and ... Perforation) Pathophysiology ... Tetracyclines Diagnosis ... non-toxigenic • Stool PCR ... • Flex-Sig: If diagnostic
Diagnosing Brucellosis
Epidemiological Exposures
- Endemic Regions
- Clinical Micro Lab Technicians
- Animal/Vaccine Exposure: Vets, Slaughterhouse workers, hunters
- Unpasteurized
Diagnosing Brucellosis ... Genitourinary Diagnostic ... Tests: - CBC ... SAT, ELISA), 16S PCR ... #Brucellosis #Diagnosis
Diagnostic approach to the admitted patient with possible COVID-19

Initial evaluation
- Chest X-ray
- Lung ultrasound (thorough "lawn-mower"
Diagnostic approach ... Nasopharyngeal PCR ... - CBC with differential ... Procalcitonin - Other diagnostics ... algorithm #schema #Diagnosis
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Toxoplasmosis (CD4 ... Chorioretinitis • Diagnosis ... toxo IgG • CNS PCR ... CNS Lymphoma (CD4 ... #differential #diagnosis