35 results
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... cells per μL • Diagnosis ... status, and focal neurologic ... Imaging: - MRI ... #differential #diagnosis
Bell's Palsy - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook

Acute Idiopathic Unilateral Facial Nerve (CN7) Palsy
Presentation:
Imaging (if atypical symptoms ... ): MRI+gad (stroke ... sarcoid or other CNS ... inflammatory cause) • EMG ... Management #Treatment #Neurology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Chorioretinitis • Diagnosis ... Compatible syndrome + MRI ... PCR 50% sensitive ... #causes #radiology ... #neurology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
and infects the CNS ... • Depressive symptoms ... , but MRI will show ... Diagnosis: MRI ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
history of cancer, HIV ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... and signs (e.g. ... brain lesion • CNS ... infection (e.g.
Hodgkin's Lymphoma vs Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Comparison

Hodgkin's Lymphoma:
 • Epidemiology: young adults 20-30, older 50-70
 •
Immunosuppression (e.g ... - Pel-Ebstein ... Autoimmune diseases (e.g ... Differential Diagnosis ... Malignancies (eg
Pericarditis can be seen on EKG with diffuse ST elevations without reciprocal changes along with diffuse
can be seen on EKG ... often follows a URI ... #Pericarditis #Cardiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
nervous system (CNS ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... skull neoplasms (e.g ... neuropathy (LHON) plus MRI ... BEE #Syndromes #neurology
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
- Differential Diagnosis ... pulmonary etc) • CNS ... parainfluenza, Coxsackie, HIV ... electromyographic (EMG ... ) studies • MRI
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
brainstem syndromes (e.g ... AQP4-lgG disease; e.g ... pain • Extra-CNS ... Manifestations #diagnosis ... #neurology #symptoms