27 results
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
hydrocephalus, HIV ... ... laboratory tests ... MRI, iADL scale, ... Alzheimer - 1st cause ... Aphaso-apraxo-agnosia syndrome
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Causes: • Large ... suspected, immediate MRI ... #CaudaEquina #Syndrome ... #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
Disorder (HAND) ... dementia Pathophysiology ... , but MRI will show ... Diagnosis: MRI ... The clinical syndrome
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
- Differential Diagnosis ... CT or MRI scan of ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
- Emergency Causes ... cord infarct • HIV ... Imaging studies: • MRI ... decompression #CaudaEquina ... #causes #neurology
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (SIS): Signs and Symptoms

Repetitive Overhead Activity, Scapular Dyskinesis -> Scapulohumeral mechanics become altered
Signs and Symptoms ... + Painful arc test ... #SIS #diagnosis ... signs #symptoms #msk ... #pathophysiology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... should be based ... antiretroviral therapy should ... Imaging: - MRI ... Demyelinating disease caused
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Non-inflammatory Causes ... Non-inflammatory causes ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... neuropathy (LHON) plus MRI ... consistent with MS
Algorithm regarding the diagnosis and treatment of Hereditary Hemochromatosis HH. 

Step 1: In the patient with
regarding the diagnosis ... initial screening test ... should be TS and ... liver biopsy or MRI ... hemochromatosis #algorithm #diagnosis
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
monophasic Pathophysiology ... negative, MOG-IgG test ... should be ordered ... • Infectious causes ... simplex virus, HIV