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Orthopedic Essentials - Spinal Trauma and Spine Classification 
DENIS THREE COLUMN CONCEPT
Anterior column:
fractures: Don't cause ... spinal deformity or neurologic ... injury 3 Cauda ... equina Treatment ... #Orthopedics #diagnosis
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
equina syndrome (CES ... - Emergency Causes ... • Provocative Tests ... axial T1 and T2 Treatment ... #causes #neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... should be based ... antiretroviral therapy should ... Antimicrobial treatment ... Demyelinating disease caused
Myasthenia Gravis Overview

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction.  Ab to
Miller Fischer and PCB ... myasthenia Diagnosis ... Bedside: ice pack test ... /Edrophonium test ... #management #neurology
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
- Differential Diagnosis ... The evaluation should ... include a: • Neurologic ... auditory nerve (CN ... Noise trauma ○ MS
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
that results in CNS ... negative, MOG-IgG test ... • Infectious causes ... Transverse Myelitis Treatment ... #management #neurology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Antibiotics (Bactrim, PCN ... Cortisol+ACTH stim test ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... Bicarb<22) - avoid NS