69 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... ABG And BMP Normal ... Metabolic: pH pCO2 ... acidosis Step 5 - Differential ... #differential
Approach to Acid Base Disorders - Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
1) Start with the Anion Gap (AG).
2)
Evaluation and Differential ... approximates an ABG ... and ~5 mmHg to pCO2 ... Differential Diagnosis ... Evaluation #workup #Differential
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
type of hypoxia) PIO2 ... O2 is inspired) PAO2 ... blood (measured on ABG ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... summary #pulmonary #differential
Blood Gas (ABG) Interpretation and Acid-Base Pathology
1- Does the patient have an acidosis or an alkalosis?
Blood Gas (ABG) ... Look at the pCO2 ... the change in pCO2 ... Amy Chung, MD, MSc ... AmyChung #AcidBase #ABG
Bone Tumor Location within the Skeleton

Epiphysis: 
Only a few lesions are located in the epiphysis, so
included in the differential ... be added to the differential ... sarcoma, SBC, ABC ... Epiphysis #Radiology #MSK ... #Differential #
#ICUCard
RENAL
GFR
90-131
mL/min
((140-age)*Wt)/(72*Cr)
Glomerular Filtration Rate (Cockcroft)
CI Cr
90-131
mL/min
(CrU * volume)/CrS
Creatinine Clearance
FENa
0.0-1.0
%
((U/P Na)/(U/P Cr))*100
Fractional Excretion of Na+
Na req
mEq
(125-Na)*0.6*Wt
Required Sodium
FE Urea
Gap ACID-BASE AG ... pCO2 = 0.9 (HCO3 ... for each 10 T in pCO2 ... for each 10 1 in pCO2 ... 70 mmHg on 100% mask
Humoral Immunity - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Antigens (Ag) are produced from pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites)
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... Findings Antigens (Ag ... cell-dependent Ag ... : Ag-presenting ... proliferate and differentiate
Hypotension in Anesthesiology - Differential Diagnosis and Management 

Initial checklist: 
 - Verify BP (e.g. surgeon
Anesthesiology - Differential ... signs (heart rate, CO2 ... Inform surgeon (ask ... Anesthesiology #Differential
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome
Chronic, indwelling catheter + bacteriuria (Providencia, Klebsiella, E.coli*) + alkaline urine
Tryptophan → Indoxyl
Purple Urine Bag ... Purple #Urine #Bag ... pathophysiology #clinical ... #photo #differential
Oxygen Delivery by Device

Nasal Cannula 
• Indicated for low-flow, low-percentage supplemental oxygen. 
• Flow rate of
Simple Face Mask ... permit exhaled CO2 ... Nonrebreather Mask ... use of reservoir bag ... Venturi Mask (venti-mask