363 results
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acidemia (pH < 7.35)
 • Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2
Acid-Base Disorders ... - Differential ... Respiratory Acidosis (pCO2 ... AcidBase #Disorders #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
of hypoxia) - Low ... SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... → Low PaO2 CYTOPATHIC ... summary #pulmonary #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = PAO2 ... - PaO2 A-a gradient ... flail chest) • Low ... , Low Fio2 A-a ... Hypoxia #hypoxemia #differential
Acid Base Disorders Worksheet

Step 1: Gather the necessary data (Na+, CI-, HCO3-, PH, pCO2). Preferably, all
Acid Base Disorders ... CI-, HCO3-, PH, pCO2 ... diagnoses using the differentials ... joshsteinbergMD #Acid ... Worksheet #diagnosis #differential
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Utilizing Uric Acid ... - Low Uric Acid ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... nephrology #sodium #low
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Differentials? ... Metabolic: pH pCO2 ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid ... Base #Gas #VBG #differential
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
True Hyponatremia Differential ... - Urine sodium low ... , uric acid high ... low in euvolemic ... #Hyponatremia #Differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... : Low intake • ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Algorithm #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
to filter uric acid ... Tubular Poisons (Low ... like lactic acid ... and keto-acids) ... Release of purine bases