61 results
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acidemia (pH < 7.35)
 • Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2
HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2 ... Respiratory Acidosis (pCO2 ... Respiratory Alkalosis (pCO2 ... < 35 mmHg) #AcidBase ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
PLACO Mnemonic - Approach to Acid-Base Disorders
P - Determine the pH
L - Labs: PCO2 & HCO3
A
pH L - Labs: PCO2 ... jadav_md #PLACO #AcidBase ... Base #diagnosis #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
7.35-7.45 • PaCO2 ... 35-45 mmHg • PaO2 ... Metabolic: pH pCO2 ... MDaniyalHashmi1 #AcidBase ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Lipid Casts on Urine Microscopy

Dr. Telma Lemos @TELMALEMOS10

#Lipid #Casts #Urine #Microscopy #clinical #fatty #nephrology
Lipid Casts on Urine ... TELMALEMOS10 #Lipid #Casts ... #Urine #Microscopy ... clinical #fatty #nephrology
Waxy Casts on Urine Microscopy

Dr. Telma Lemos @TELMALEMOS10

#Waxy #Casts #Urine #Microscopy #clinical #nephrology
Waxy Casts on Urine ... TELMALEMOS10 #Waxy #Casts ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #clinical #nephrology
RBC Casts on Urine Microscopy

Dr. Telma Lemos @TELMALEMOS10

#RBC #Casts #Urine #Microscopy #clinical #nephrology
RBC Casts on Urine ... TELMALEMOS10 #RBC #Casts ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #clinical #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
WBCs, or urine ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... Proteinuria (Negative urine ... Proteinuria (Positive urine ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Waxy and granular casts - brightfield urine microscopy

Dr. Telma Lemos @TELMALEMOS10

#Waxy #granular #casts #Urine #Microscopy #clinical
Waxy and granular casts ... - brightfield urine ... Waxy #granular #casts ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #clinical #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria: Red/Dark urine ... 1ml blood/liter urine ... more RBC/HPF spun urine ... examination of urine ... #urology #nephrology