90 results
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = PAO2 ... - PaO2 A-a gradient ... (Patm - 47) - (PaCO2 ... : Atelectasis, ARDS ... Disease and more • Diffusion
Radiographic appearances of pulmonary diseases in HIV/AIDS Patients
 • Diffuse Interstitial Infiltrates: Pneumocystis jirovecii, M.tuberculosis, Histoplasma
diseases in HIV/AIDS ... Pulmonary edema; ARDS ... Mycobacterium avium complex ... • Nodular/Masses ... Mycobacterium avium complex
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
Distress Syndrome (ARDS ... explained by pleural effusions ... severity of the ARDS ... - 200 mm Hg < PaO2 ... >= 5cm H2O #ARDS
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... Pericardial • Effusion ... Abnormalities • Pleural Effusions ... Pneumonia • ARDS ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Loculated pericardial effusion seen in apical 4-chamber on echocardiogram

Dr. J. Christian Fox @jchristianfox

#Pericardial #Effusion #Loculated #complex
Loculated pericardial effusion ... #Pericardial #Effusion ... #Loculated #complex ... Echocardiogram #POCUS
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
average settings • Causes ... HYPOVENTILATION • Rising PaCO2 ... gas equation • Causes ... • Most common cause ... to hypoxemia • Causes
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
Distress Syndrome – ARDS ... on CT or CXR ● PaO2 ... there is no clear cause ... the underlying cause ... days after dx of ARDS
Pulmonary Pathology and Associated Lung Ultrasound Findings
Pneumothorax:
 - No lung sliding/barcode sign
 - Lung point (hard
pleura in severe cases ... Possible bilateral effusion ... Distress Syndrome (ARDS ... submassive PE) POCUS ... #signs #Lung #POCUS
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
7.35-7.45 • PaCO2 ... 35-45 mmHg • PaO2 ... Metabolic: pH pCO2 ... - Rapid saline infusion ... Acetazolamide Causes
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
lung disease Caused ... either due to a diffusion-perfusion ... • Orthopnea - PaO2 ... Oxygenation defect - PaO2 ... HPS features - Complete