90 results
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = PAO2 ... - PaO2 A-a gradient ... (Patm - 47) - (PaCO2 ... : Atelectasis, ARDS ... Disease and more • Diffusion
Radiographic appearances of pulmonary diseases in HIV/AIDS Patients
 • Diffuse Interstitial Infiltrates: Pneumocystis jirovecii, M.tuberculosis, Histoplasma
diseases in HIV/AIDS ... Pulmonary edema; ARDS ... Mycobacterium avium complex ... • Nodular/Masses ... Mycobacterium avium complex
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
Distress Syndrome (ARDS ... explained by pleural effusions ... severity of the ARDS ... - 200 mm Hg < PaO2 ... >= 5cm H2O #ARDS
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... Pericardial • Effusion ... Abnormalities • Pleural Effusions ... Pneumonia • ARDS ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Loculated pericardial effusion seen in apical 4-chamber on echocardiogram

Dr. J. Christian Fox @jchristianfox

#Pericardial #Effusion #Loculated #complex
Loculated pericardial effusion ... #Pericardial #Effusion ... #Loculated #complex ... Echocardiogram #POCUS
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
average settings • Causes ... HYPOVENTILATION • Rising PaCO2 ... gas equation • Causes ... • Most common cause ... to hypoxemia • Causes
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
Distress Syndrome – ARDS ... on CT or CXR ● PaO2 ... there is no clear cause ... the underlying cause ... days after dx of ARDS
Pulmonary Pathology and Associated Lung Ultrasound Findings
Pneumothorax:
 - No lung sliding/barcode sign
 - Lung point (hard
pleura in severe cases ... Possible bilateral effusion ... Distress Syndrome (ARDS ... submassive PE) POCUS ... #signs #Lung #POCUS
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
7.35-7.45 • PaCO2 ... 35-45 mmHg • PaO2 ... Metabolic: pH pCO2 ... - Rapid saline infusion ... Acetazolamide Causes
Complex Pleural Effusion caused by Esophageal Perforation
So much pathology for one lung. Esophageal perforation leading to
Complex Pleural ... Effusion caused ... effusion. ... Complex effusion ... Perforation #lung #pocus