73 results
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
demands Hypoxemia - low ... SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... CaO2 → Low SvO2 ... → Low PaO2 CYTOPATHIC ... summary #pulmonary #differential
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = PAO2 ... - PaO2 A-a gradient ... flail chest) • Low ... , Low Fio2 A-a ... Hypoxia #hypoxemia #differential
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... Metabolic: pH pCO2 ... acidosis Step 5 - Differential ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... Base #Gas #VBG #differential
Basics of Waveform Capnography
Waveform capnography assesses ventilation by monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide
Can use measurement and morphology
Assessing for CO2 ... Transition as CO2 ... - Arterial CO2 ... indicate: - Shock/low ... #Capnography #interpretation
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Interpretation
Appearance - Opening Pressure - Leukocytes - Differential - Glucose - Protein -
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Interpretation ... - Leukocytes - Differential ... Cerebrospinal #Fluid #CSF #Interpretation ... #differential # ... diagnosis #neurology
Hypoxemia vs Hypoxia
Hypoxemia - Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) is below normal
Hypoxia - Insufficient oxygen
arterial oxygen (PaO2 ... compensate for low ... PaO2 Hypoxia without ... hypoxia #hypoxemia #differential
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
True Hyponatremia Differential ... - Urine sodium low ... and uric acid low ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Uric Acid - Low ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium #low #uricacid
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... causes #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Urine Specific Gravity - Interpretation
Specific Gravity = Density of urine / Density of water
SG close to
Specific Gravity - Interpretation ... Specific #Gravity #Interpretation ... #diagnosis #differential ... #nephrology