14 results
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = PAO2 ... - PaO2 A-a gradient ... (Patm - 47) - (PaCO2 ... Mismatch: Pulmonary Edema ... Hypoxia #hypoxemia #differential
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
type of hypoxia) PIO2 ... O2 is inspired) PAO2 ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... summary #pulmonary #differential ... diagnosis #causes #pathophysiology
Peripheral Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Lower Extremity Edema

Edema occurs when any of the following
Peripheral Edema ... - Differential ... Edema occurs ... #differential # ... #PhysicalExam #Pathophysiology
Drug-Induced Edema
Drug-induced edema is caused by many drugs & can coincide with or worsen pre-existing peripheral
Drug-Induced Edema ... Drug-induced edema ... Tissue edema develops ... Medication #Causes #Differential ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema ... - Differential ... Framework NCPE Pathophysiology ... of peripheral edema ... #NCPE #differential
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
(NCPE) - Differential ... dissolved in the PaO2 ... : • Pathophysiology ... • Pathophysiology ... #causes #differential
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
Respiratory Failure - Differential ... HYPOVENTILATION • Rising PaCO2 ... diseases, pulmonary edema ... Failure #hypoxia #Differential
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
matter vasogenic edema ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... • Vasogenic edema ... • White matter edema ... Reversible course Differential
Upper Lobe Lung Diseases - STAR CHASERS Mnemonic

S - Silicosis
T - Tuberculosis
A - Ankylosing Spondylitis
R -
elimination of CO2 ... localized pulmonary edema ... Neurogenic pulmonary edema ... lung #diseases #differential
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... myalgias, HoTN, edema ... initiation • Differential