11 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... secreting tumor, Primary ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... R - Primary aldosteronism ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... consumption • Low ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... other • Severe potassium ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... Hypercalcemic states, Primary ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypokalemia (renal potassium ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Supplement: • Potassium ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Characteristic eye movements found in Downbeat Nystagmus

Downbeat nystagmus (downward fast phase) is the most common of
follows Alexander's Law ... The differential ... Ophthalmology #Neurology ... Clinical #Video #Ocular ... #PhysicalExam
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
anti-Smith Ab, low ... Erythematous, macular ... permanent alopecia Differential ... the context of primary ... , lymphopenia, low
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
consciousness Differential ... Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome ... • Locked-in syndrome ... • Vestibulo-ocular ... caseyalbin #PhysicalExam