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diagnosis management anemia differential intravascular leukemia algorithm aplastic chronic classification cll coagulation dermatology dic disseminated extravascular hemolysis hodgkins hyperkalemia k
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... microangiopathy: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic ... hemoglobinuria (PNH ... Extravascular #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... platelet decrease - PNH ... Schistocytes, thrombocytopenia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #workup ... #hematology #testing
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
inflammation • Thrombocytopenia ... : - Thrombocytopenia ... DIC/TTP/HUS - Hemolytic ... deficiencies - PNH ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
TTP - Laboratory Evaluation for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Activity of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease activity - A
for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic ... decrease in most cases ... hematuria (without casts ... ThromboticThrombocytopenicPurpura #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Hematology
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors Findings: • Bleeding • Recent history
+ Bleeding Treatment ... Treat primary cause ... Coagulation #diagnosis #causes ... #treatment #management ... #hematology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
Neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia ... microglobulin Treatment ... Leukemia #diagnosis #workup ... #oncology #hematology
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
-> AML: Blast crises ... count ↑ PLT • ↑ PBS ... infiltrates (anemia, thrombocytopenia ... #Leukemia #Hematology ... #Oncology #Diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
injury, ischemia, hemolysis ... reabsorption) Workup ... Pseudohyperkalemia - hemolysis ... only if no clear cause ... caution in HTN & edema
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
infections/fevers • Thrombocytopenia ... and petechiae Causes ... aplastic anemia Treatment ... Aplastic #Anemia #oncology ... #hematology #diagnosis
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) What? Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
formed or don’t work ... platelet count (thrombocytopenia ... Workup: • Complete ... Syndromes #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology
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