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diagnosis differential coagulation abnormal aptt intravascular pt anemia arterial bleeding bruising childhood dermatology disseminated embolism extravascular hemolysis hemolytic hemostasis immunization
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors Findings: • Bleeding • Recent history
Thrombocytopenia • Prolonged ... protein C and S Pathophysiology ... Treat primary cause ... Coagulation #diagnosis #causes ... treatment #management #hematology
Causes of Abnormal PT and/or aPTT Prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT) 1. Acquired deficiency of FVII
Causes of Abnormal ... unfractionated heparin ... e.g. heparin ... intravascular coagulation (DIC ... #differential #hematology
Differential Diagnosis for a Prolonged PT and aPTT If the PT and the aPTT are both prolonged,
Diagnosis for a Prolonged ... (e.g. heparin contamination ... thrombin inhibitors, heparin ... intravascularcoagulation (DIC ... #differential #hematology
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
marrow disease - DIC ... deficiencies - PNH ... Purpura Fulminans (DIC ... Cholesterol emboli • Septic ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... intravascular coagulation (DIC ... hemoglobinuria (PNH ... Extravascular #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
muscle spasms lead ... invade URT & via hematologic ... , altered LOC; septic ... CNS and hematologic ... peds #pediatrics #pathophysiology
Venous Thrombosis vs Arterial Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework VENOUS THROMBOSIS • Acquired Risk Factors: - >48 hours
Hyperhomocysteinemia - Heparin-induced ... coagulation and other causes ... - COVID-19 - PNH ... Venous #Arterial #pathophysiology ... #hematology #differential
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
activity • ↓ LAP ... -> AML: Blast crises ... Fibrinolysis & DIC ... #Leukemia #Hematology ... #Oncology #Diagnosis
Bleeding and Bruising - Disorders of Hemostasis - Differential Diagnosis Framework == Quantitative or Qualitative defect in
Acquired: • Heparin ... the PT remains prolonged ... discern these causes ... disease • Acute DIC ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hematology
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