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diagnosis differential hemolytic mds myelodysplastic treatment agglutinin aplastic classification cold disease dyspnea emergencies extravascular hemeonc hemolysis hodgkins leukemia lymphoma monoclonal
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Causes Intravascular ... ) - HELLP syndrome ... hemoglobinuria (PNH ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea: • Myocardium: - Heart failure - CAD/ACS - Valvulopathy • Electrical: -
Heart failure - CAD ... - Water - Pus ... Hepatopulmonary syndrome ... Transverse myelitis • Hematology ... : - Anemia •
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... #treatment #hematology ... #oncology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
Constitutional Syndromes ... and petechiae Causes ... Constitutional Syndromes ... #oncology #hematology ... #diagnosis #management
Cold Agglutinin Disease 3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies: 1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD) 2. Donath-Landsteiner
Cold Agglutinin Syndrome ... • Symptoms of anemia ... • hemolytic anemia ... the RBCs causing intravascular ... #hematology #diagnosis
Paraproteinemias Entities That Can Feature A Monoclonal Protein/M Component: • MM • WM • MGUS • MGCS • MGRS • Splenic Marginal Zone
Amyloidosis (CVS+PNS ... Autoantibodies: • WAIHA • CAD ... (-) hemolytic anemia ... Paraproteinemias #Hematology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Oncology
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) What? Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
formed or don’t work ... compounds, alcohol, lead ... Workup: • Complete ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
activity • ↓ LAP ... - infiltrates (anemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... #Leukemia #Hematology ... #Oncology #Diagnosis
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary Epidemiology: • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Diagnosis and Management ... Prevalence: 1-2 cases ... and pernicious anemia ... positive in 2/3 of pts ... antibody that works
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies Neutropenic fever: - Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
full infectious work-up ... days → add fungal work-up ... ): - Hematologic ... (disseminated intravascular ... Treat underlying cause
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