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diagnosis differential rheumatology algorithm management abnormalities aids arteritis breathing dyspnea erythematosus erythrocytosis extravascular gap gca giantcell globulin hemolysis hiv infections
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea: • Myocardium: - Heart failure - CAD/ACS - Valvulopathy • Electrical: -
- Water - Pus ... Barre - ALS - Transverse ... myelitis • Hematology ... : - Anemia • ... #pulmonary
Causes of Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Relative - Normal RBC Mass / Decreased Plasma Volume
Causes of Polycythemia ... Splenomegaly, Increased PMNs ... Cyanosis without Pulmonary ... Apnea • Chronic Pulmonary ... #Hematology
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis -
Causes of Extravascular ... Drug-induced AIHA - Abnormal ... • PCH • PNH ... immune-complex hemolytic anemia ... #Hematology
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing Normal The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
the midbrain or pons ... heart failure, uremia ... punctuated by frequent sighs ... Occasional sighs ... Breathing #Patterns #Pulmonary
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) Suspect: Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
Malignancy (e.g. hematologic ... • May involve PNS ... neuropathy • Transverse ... vein thrombosis Hematologic ... lymphopenia, low PLT • Anemia
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework When to Consider Vasculitis: • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions • Mononeuritis multiplex • Hematuria, proteinuria,
purpura: Strong sign ... May develop in pts ... fluid (CSF) is abnormal ... tract, and often causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Rheumatology
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
systemic sx + signs ... 50 in GCA, but normal ... systemic complaints- anemia ... identifies 85 to 95% of cases ... GCA #Temporal #Signs
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview Epidemiology: • F > M: 9:1 • 5-6th Decades (can be any age) Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Hypocomplementemia • Can cause ... peripheral neuropathy, transverse ... , INC risk PE, Pulmonary ... Nephrogenic DI Hematologic ... Arthralgia and Arthritis
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework Disease by CD4 Count: Any CD4 Count: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
• CT: Halo sign ... Lymphadenopathy, CNS ... factor • May cause ... ), anemia, arthralgia ... Infections #HIV #AIDS #pulmonary
Elevated Globulin - Protein Gap (Total Protein - Albumin > 4) Work-up of an Elevated Globulin Gap: •
(RA, Temporal arteritis ... gastric tumors • Hematology ... Thalassemia, Sickle cell anemia ... chain assay • An abnormal ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
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