64 results
Causes of Knee Effusions - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Knee Effusion Red Flags:
1. Fever/Chills/Joint pain/Night sweats/Weight loss
	- DDX:
		-
Causes of Knee Effusions ... Osteoarthritis - Overuse syndrome ... Seronegative Reactive Syndrome ... - Giant cell tumor ... #causes #differential
Gynecomastia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
No Testicular Mass on Ultrasound
 • Adrenal Neoplasm
 • Increased Extraglomerular Aromatase
Testicular Mass on Ultrasound ... Testicular Mass on Ultrasound ... Klinefelter's Syndrome ... • Kallman's Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
- Excessive IV ... Mg infusion (e.g ... Mechanisms - Tumor ... lysis syndrome ... Magnesium #Table #Causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
disease - Renal ultrasound ... Duplex Doppler ultrasound ... saline infusion ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes
Causes of SVC Syndrome - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Benign (15-40%): Thrombosis (aka catheter-associated), Goiter, Fibrosing
Causes of SVC Syndrome ... NHL, Germ Cell Tumors ... Medicine @SCVMCMed #SVC ... #Syndrome #Differential
Pulmonary Pathology and Associated Lung Ultrasound Findings
Pneumothorax:
 - No lung sliding/barcode sign
 - Lung point (hard
Associated Lung Ultrasound ... pleura in severe cases ... Respiratory Distress Syndrome ... #signs #Lung #POCUS ... #ultrasound #findings
Mediastinal Widening - Differential Diagnosis

 • Vascular: Aortic dissection, Aortic anourysm, Enlarged pulmonary arteries, Venous or
ex: duplicated SVC ... Nodule / mass • Masses ... Lymphoma, Germ cell tumor ... Pneumomediastinum, Pericardial effusion
Hypoglycemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Workup:
 • Sulfonylurea Labs
 • Anti-lnsulin Ab - Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome
 •
Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome ... with high tumor ... metabolic demand causes ... +hrs - 1mg IV ... Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome
Causes of Back Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Always assess for red flags. If no red flags,
Causes of Back Pain ... age >50, <18, IV ... • Fracture • Tumor ... • Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Constrictive Pericarditis on POCUS Echocardiogram - Subcostal View

Young Lupus patient admitted to hospital new onset HFpEF.
Pericarditis on POCUS ... could pinpoint the cause ... has pericardial effusion ... cm/s, plethoric IVC ... similar sized effusion