33 results
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
Mechanisms - Tumor ... lysis syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Table #Causes ... #Management
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Renin secreting tumor ... #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
be treated with IV ... magnesium(Mg) The ... Renin secreting tumor ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Renin-secreting tumor ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis ... Renin-secreting tumor ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #magnesium
Tumor Lysis Syndrome - Workup and Management

Initial workup: BMP, Serum uric acid, LDH, Urine output, Consider
Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... ≥ 8 mg/dL • Potassium ... Treatment of Clinical ... TLS: • IV fluids ... #diagnosis #management
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness
 • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
Causes of Neuromuscular ... Myelitis, Trauma, Tumor ... heavy metals), Critical ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Transfusion reaction - Tumor ... lysis syndrome ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hypermagnesemia - Diagnosis and Management

Hypermagnesemia is a serum magnesium concentration > 2.6 mg/dL.
Symptoms include hyporeflexia, hypotension,
Hypermagnesemia - Diagnosis ... and Management ... ketoacidosis (untreated), Tumor ... #Management #magnesium ... #nephrology