23 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
• HTN, High Aldosterone ... Renin secreting tumor ... #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
by Mechanism Renal ... lysis syndrome ... #High #Magnesium ... #Table #Causes ... #Management
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
magnesium(Mg) The ... suggests extra-renal ... urinary losses: • High ... Renin secreting tumor ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential Diagnosis ... hypokalemia • Renal ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... Renin-secreting tumor ... #nephrology #potassium
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
(late) • High ... PRA: Renal artery ... Renin-secreting tumor ... #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis ... Renin-secreting tumor ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... steatorrhea) • Renal ... , Potassium depletion ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #magnesium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... Renin-Secreting Tumor ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• K sparing diuretics ... Transfusion reaction - Tumor ... lysis syndrome ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• K sparing diuretics ... Transfusion reaction - Tumor ... lysis syndrome ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology