9 results
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... , Osmotic diuresis ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diagnosis of ... irrigation • Management ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Diagnosis Framework ... Urine Fractional Excretion ... , Tumor genesis ... Inh., Osmotic diuresis ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • K sparing diuretics ... lysis syndrome ... Impaired Renal Excretion ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
urinary losses: • High ... Renin secreting tumor ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • K sparing diuretics ... lysis syndrome ... Impaired Renal Excretion ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Renal failure (acute ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... ketosis with ketone excretion ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Diagnosis Framework ... and Management ... Loop diuretics for ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #nephrology
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
• Attempt if high ... initiation • Differential ... Supportive Care: Diuresis ... #management #hematology ... #oncology