12 results
Pacemaker Placement Indications
Class I:
 • Third degree block
 • Advanced 2nd degree block
 • Symptomatic Mobitz
Pacemaker Placement ... with syncope • ... arrest, prolonged PR ... • Reversible causes ... BrighamMedRes #Pacemaker
Summary of Heart Blocks
1st Degree Heart Block:
 • Prolonged PR >200ms (5 small squares).
 • Narrow
• Prolonged PR ... • Prolonged PR ... • Treatment: Pacemaker ... • Treatment: Pacemaker ... HeartBlocks #Types #Classification
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
Differential Diagnosis by Classification ... bradycardia • Sinus pauses ... • AV block ... Differential #Diagnosis #Classification ... #Table #Causes
Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Neurocardiogenic:
 • Vasovagal
 • Orthostatic Hypotension
 • Autonomic Neuropathy
 • Situational (micturition,
Syncope - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... /3rd degree AV Block ... • Pacemaker ... #causes
WOBBLER  for ECG assessment in Syncope 
W - Wolff Parkinson White 
O - Obstructed AV
assessment in Syncope ... - Bifascicular block ... look for a short PR ... , can be caused ... characteristically cause
Atrioventricular Blocks (AV blocks) - ECG Diagnosis Summary
First Degree AV Block
 • The P wave is
PR interval ... There is constant PR ... by a junctional pacemaker ... an infra-Hisian pacemaker ... electrocardiogram #classification
Approach to ECGs - Tachy/Bradyarrhythmias
Tachyarrhythmias - HR > 100
Wide
  (1) VT - DANGER
  (2)
- w/ variable block ... 1º - long PR intervals ... 200ms from longer pause ... successively longer PR ... - ventricular pacemaker
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... depolarization • ↑ PR ... velocity) - ↑ PR ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Vaughan Williams Classification ... depolarization • ↑ PR ... velocity) - ↑ PR ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Causes of Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac - Arrhythmia:
 • Tachyarrhythmia
 • Bradyarrhythmia
 • Supraventricular Tachycardia
Causes of Syncope ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Atrioventricular Block ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes