22 results
Hyperacute Hypoxemia - Workup and Management
Differential Diagnosis: Aspiration, Flash Pulmonary Edema, Mucous Plugging, Bronchospasm, Pulmonary Embolism,
Embolism, Pneumothorax ... ABG, STAT CXR, CTA ... Reservoir • High ... #diagnosis #Management ... #treatment #criticalcare
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... Proximal and distal RTA ... Syndrome • HTN, High
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Acidosis - RTA ... Renal artery stenosis ... Differential #Algorithm #Diagnosis ... #Causes #Workup ... #Nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Tubular Acidosis (RTA ... Type 1: Distal RTA ... Type 2: Proximal RTA ... : Hyperkalemic RTA ... #Workup #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Proximal RTA (type ... Distal (classic) RTA ... dysfunction (type 4 RTA ... #differential #diagnosis
Toluene Poisoning - Diagnosis and Management Summary
What is it?  Volatile hydrocarbon, Glue or paint-sniffing, Occupational
Toluene Poisoning - Diagnosis ... and Management ... chronic: • Marked hypokalaemia ... paralysis • Distal-RTA ... #Management #Treatment
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... urinary losses: • High ... acidosis: Proximal RTA ... , Distal RTA, DKA ... #diagnosis #Algorithm
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Renin/Aldosterone, RTA ... reabsorption) Workup ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #nephrology #K
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... phlebotomy High ... SLE • Type IV RTA ... causes #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Pulmonary Embolism Treatment
Systemic Thrombolysis
 - Exclude contraindications.
 - Indications:
   - Massive PE (definite indication)
Pulmonary Embolism ... indication) - High-risk ... bleeding with tPA ... #Embolism #Treatment ... #AcutePE #Management