23 results
Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) Clinical Guidelines

ACLF = possibly reversible condition in those with CLD (± cirrhosis)
months without treatment ... disease, liver ... Lung Failure ... Injury (DILI) ... #Cirrhosis #Hepatology
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Acute Liver Injury ... Algorithm Vascular Causes ... CA, small cell lung ... intestines, white blood ... diagnosis #algorithm #hepatology
Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) - Stepwise Diagnosis Algorithm
DILI suspicion
Features toxic aetiology: Skin involvement, Kidney injury,
non-essential drug/HDS treatments ... for alternative causes ... disease, Hepatic ... e.g. ascites), Chronic ... #Algorithm #hepatology
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
Failure (ALF): ... • Liver injury ... disease: > 2 ... intestines, White blood ... #differential #Hepatology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
, liver cirrhosis ... , liver cirrhosis ... Kidney stones caused ... Prevention of blood ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
• Most common cause ... pneumonia • Chronic ... anemia • Sputum/Blood ... seen • Chest CT ... #differential #causes
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
inflammation causes ... bronchial wall injury ... high-resolution chest CT ... abnormal in adults • Blood ... mycobacteria Treatment
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
Autoimmunity • Chronic ... lung disease ... • Liver diseases ... Chest CT: • Ground-glass ... DDX - Other causes
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
removal from the blood ... presentations and disease ... or renal injury ... before beginning treatment ... Injury: • Reduced
Autoimmune Hepatitis

Clinical Presentation
 - Highly variable clinical presentation, from subclinical disease to acute liver failure.
 -
from subclinical disease ... failure ... - Symptoms of chronic ... injury, though ... regarding need for treatment