118 results
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Serum Mg: GI losses, Renal losses, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Drug-Induced
Elevated - Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ... Inappropriately Normal/Low - Hypoparathyroidism ... Destruction of parathyroid ... severe illness, Hyperphosphatemia
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
production - Hyperparathyroidism ... Incr levels of parathyroid ... breakdown - Hypophosphatasia
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Extravascular: Pancreatitis, surgery, acute phosphate intake and renal
poisoning • Hyperphosphatemia ... Kidney Disease • Hyperphosphatemia ... , Low PTH: Hypoparathyroidism ... • Hypophosphatemia
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
hypocalcemia: - Hypoparathyroidism ... activating mutation - Parathyroid ... Laboratory #Levels #Hyperparathyroidism
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Hypophosphatemia ... PO4 > 5%: • Hyperparathyroidism ... Resistance • Hypophosphatemic ... Chronic Diarrhea #Hypophosphatemia
Differential Diagnosis of Hypo and Hyperphosphatemia #Diagnosis #EM #IM #Differential #Hypophosphatemia #Hyperphosphatemia #Ddxof
Diagnosis of Hypo and Hyperphosphatemia ... #Differential #Hypophosphatemia ... #Hyperphosphatemia
Hypophosphatemia - Measurement of urine phosphate excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • GI loss
 • Redistribution
Hypophosphatemia ... Redistribution • Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... PO4 wasting #Hypophosphatemia
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
Parathyroid Hormone ... Phosphorus - Net Effect Hypophosphatemia ... mendesthiagob #Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Hypercalcemia Parathyroid ... structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... • Parathyroid ... adenoma • Parathyroid ... disease • Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Hypercalcemia Parathyroid ... hormone–dependent Primary hyperparathyroidism ... type 2A, familial hyperparathyroidism ... ) Parathyroid hormone–independent ... Neoplasms - Parathyroid