11 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Assess volume status ... • nephrotic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... HyponatremiaAlgorithm by Satya Patel ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... mechanism 2) Volume Status ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... failure Satya Patel ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) - Diagnosis
Clinical Features:
 • Altered mental status (Either lethargy, confusion, or
Posterior Reversible ... Encephalopathy Syndrome ... PRES) - Diagnosis Clinical ... Altered mental status ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Altered mental status ... brain PRES Clinical ... Altered mental status ... may precede the neurologic ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
meningococcal, H1N1) Clinical ... Guillain-Barre Clinical ... • Weakness: Starts ... /constipation, hyponatremia ... management #treatment #neurology
Causes of Status Epilepticus in Adults
METABOLIC DISTURBANCES
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hypocalcemia
Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
Hyponatremia
Uremia
INFECTIOUS PROCESSES
Central nervous system abscess
Encephalitis
Meningitis
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES
Alcohol
Antiepileptic drugs
Baclofen
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
CENTRAL
Causes of Status ... hyperglycemia Hyponatremia ... Meningitis WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES ... hemorrhage Neoplasm Posterior ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... Dermatomyositis Clinical ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
neurological lesion: Clinical ... hypercoagulable states ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology ... differential #algorithm