17 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... nephrolithiasis • Symptoms ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #nephrology #sodium
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... Framework and Workup ... • Serum K: low ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... • Normal or Low ... #phosphate #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Appropriately Low ... Estrogen based hormonal ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #phosphorus #workup
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms ... respiratory failure • Neurologic ... neuropathy • Renal ... : - Renal failure
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
steatorrhea) • Renal ... inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
into the left renal ... Obstruction of blood flow ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Hormonal alterations (result of aging process)
    ->
Clinical Findings Hormonal ... Acute or chronic renal ... Hyperplasia #Prostate #Pathophysiology ... #Urology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Diagnosis