17 results
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... • Acute renal ... Normal, Renin High ... #Hyperkalemia #Diagnosis ... #algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
Kidney Stones Acute ... Surgical Rx: • ACUTE ... ALL patients - High ... Monitoring for extra-renal ... Management #Pediatrics #nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
tubular cells - Acute ... Red cell casts - Diagnostic ... - Up to 3 per high-power ... normal; >3 per high-power ... #nephrology #casts
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... phlebotomy High ... • Recent IV potassium ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
- Differential Diagnosis ... paraproteinemia, acute ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... • Normal or High ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... failure (acute ... Potassium-sparing ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... phlebotomy High ... • Recent IV potassium ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... suggests extra-renal ... urinary losses: • High ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
after starvation, Acute ... steatorrhea) • Renal ... osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #magnesium