145 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Delayed finding in stroke ... Hyperthyroidism, Serotonin syndrome ... #neurology
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... disease, Milk Alkali Syndrome ... disease, Viral Syndromes ... #Workup #nephrology
Stroke Evaluation and Management Algorithm

Clinical suspicion of stroke (BE FAST)
 • Balance loss
 • Eyes: vision
Stroke Evaluation ... Immediate Workup ... Management #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #differential # ... neurology #CVA
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Aldosterone: Liddle's Syndrome ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #nephrology
Peripheral and Central Causes of Vertigo
Peripheral Causes (Common):
 - Labyrinth: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Méniére disease,
fistula, Cogan's syndrome ... ), Ramsay Hunt syndrome ... - Vascular - Stroke ... Wallenberg syndrome ... #diagnosis #neurology
Initial Clinical and Laboratory Data Base for Defining Major Syndromes in Nephrology

#Major #Syndromes #Nephrology #Diagnosis #Workup
Defining Major Syndromes ... in Nephrology ... #Major #Syndromes ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Workup #Differential
Syncope in 3 Steps
1. Consider the 3 "S" Mimics: Seizure, low Sugar, Stroke (TIA)
2. Heart vs
Sugar, Stroke ( ... Tamponade • Fluid > low ... subclavian steal syndrome ... other #Syncope #differential ... #diagnosis #mimics
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
renal Mg wasting syndromes ... - Gitelman syndrome ... - Hungry bones syndrome ... Eric Strong https ... #Diagnosis #Low
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
- Differential ... alkalosis, Hungry bone syndrome ... Tumor genesis syndrome ... FGF-23: Fanconi syndrome ... #nephrology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... #nephrology #calcium