11 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
and Secondary Causes ... , Ring fracture, ... muscle rupture, Left ... #differential #diagnosis ... #cardiology #causes
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... stenosis Rheumatic heart ... atrial myxoma)/ ... ball valve thrombus ... #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Septic Emboli Cause ... #Endocarditis #diagnosis ... #management #cardiology
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Paradoxical: Right to Left ... Venous System/Right Heart ... - Most Common Cause ... #Embolism #diagnosis ... scoring #criteria #cardiology
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
valve conditions ... • Infective Endocarditis ... • Mitral Regurgitation ... • Mitral Stenosis ... #cardiology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
- Rheumatic heart ... annular plane into left ... atrium. ... valve - Secondary ... #Cardiology
RA/CVP Waveform Interpretation

Central venous pressure (CVP) or right atrial pressure (RAP) waveform tracings can often times
identify at slower heart ... “cannon waves” caused ... tracings obtained for LEFT ... Interpretation #Diagnosis ... #Cardiology #Venous
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
involves aortic and mitral ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Septic emboli cause ... Treat underlying cause ... #Diagnosis #cardiology
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Anticoagulation ≥4 weeks after ... Moderate or severe mitral ... valveLeft ... Fibrillation #AFib #diagnosis ... #management #cardiology
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
failure • Mitral ... valve prolapse ... stenosis) • Severe mitral ... Mechanical prosthetic valve ... #Palpitations #Cardiology