8 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
and Secondary Causes ... • Prosthetic valve ... , Ring fracture, ... #differential #diagnosis ... #cardiology #causes
RA/CVP Waveform Interpretation

Central venous pressure (CVP) or right atrial pressure (RAP) waveform tracings can often times
Interpretation ... identify at slower heart ... “cannon waves” caused ... tracings obtained for LEFT ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Right Heart Catheterization Cheat Sheet: Interpretation of Pressures and Waveforms 
Direct measurements
 ● Central venous pressure
Right Heart Catheterization ... rate) ● Left ... the tricuspid valve ... #Diagnosis #RightHeartCatheterization ... CheatSheet #Waveforms #Cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Treat underlying cause ... #Endocarditis #diagnosis ... #management #cardiology
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
stenosis Rheumatic heart ... vegetations)/tumor (left ... atrial myxoma)/ ... ball valve thrombus ... #cardiology
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Paradoxical: Right to Left ... Venous System/Right Heart ... - Most Common Cause ... Artery #Embolism #diagnosis ... scoring #criteria #cardiology
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Septic emboli cause ... Criteria • ↑ ESR, CRP ... Treat underlying cause ... #Diagnosis #cardiology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
- Rheumatic heart ... annular plane into left ... atrium. ... parachute mitral valve ... #Cardiology